Resources

A circular diagram that describes the six steps of the Decolonial Design Futures framework by Bea Rodriguez-Fransen

Decolonial Design Futures Framework

A collective, iterative design approach that can be used for scholarly research or community-based design projects, this framework acknowledges the interconnectedness and multiplicities of the past, present, and future; activates bold imagination; and co-creates hyperlocal, preferred futures with Indigenous and marginalized communities. Values that underpin this approach include kapwa (Filipino core value expressing relationality), non-linearity and synchronicity of time, multiple futurities, bold imagination, hyperlocality, and transdisciplinary collaboration. 

Decolonial Portals Framework

An educational tool that can be used in formal and informal learning spaces, decolonial portals are gateways to knowledge, skills, emotions, and spaces that allow individuals to critically reflect and question their colonial subjectivities, leading them to imagine and create futures liberated from colonial mentality

A timeline entitled “1898-1899 Philippine-American relationship: A peripeteian story,” shows 12 major events. On April 22, 1898, U.S. solicits Philippine alliance from Emilio Aguinaldo to defeat their common enemy, Spain. On May 17, 1898, U.S. Admiral George Dewey reassures Aguinaldo that the U.S. would unquestionably recognize Philippine independence. On May 28, 1898, bolstered by firearms purchased from the U.S., Aguinaldo continues to lead the Philippine Revolution against Spain, which started in 1896; Dewey congratulates Aguinaldo for the undeniable triumphs of the Philippine Army. On June 12, 1898, Aguinaldo proclaims Philippine Independence, with the Philippine Act of the Declaration of Independence signed by 98 individuals, including an American officer. On August 4, 1898, Dewey betrays his Filipino allies by beginning secret negotiations with Spanish Governor General Fermin Jaudenes; they devise a mock battle that would exclude Filipinos. On August 13, 1898, unaware that they are fighting a pretend battle, the Philippine Army helps U.S. defeat Spain in Mock Battle of Manila Bay. On September 29, 1898, the Philippine Congress ratifies Independence Proclamation. On December 10, 1898, the U.S. and Spain exclude the Philippines in Treaty of Paris peace talks. On December 12, 1898, the Philippines publishes an official protest against the Treaty of Paris. On December 21, 1898, U.S. President William McKinley proclaims “Benevolent Assimilation” in the Philippines, saying that “we come not as invaders or conquerors, but as friends, to protect the natives in their homes.” On January 23, 1899, the Philippine Republic is inaugurated and Aguinaldo takes his oath of office as President of the Philippine Republic. On February 4, 1899, the U.S. starts war in the Philippines, with American soldier Private Willie Grayson killing a Filipino, firing the first shot of the Philippine-American War.

1898-1899 Philippine-American Relationship

A detailed timeline of events that led to the little-known Philippine-American War